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Three dimensional reconstruction of brain physiology
Source: Innovation et Technologie en Biologie et Medecine 1986;8(1):92-103.
Author: Toga AW, Arnicar-Sulze TL.
Abstract:
This paper describes a method for the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the whole brain. We have combined synthetic surface rendering techniques with quantitative methods used to study brain physiology. There are 3 features which make this approach attractive. 1) The final display includes a realistic 3D surface model which provides the viewer with an appreciation of shape, orientation and cortical landmarks. 2) Quantitative physiologic data on or deep to the cortical surface can be included in the display. 3) Interactive capabilities allow the investigator to repeatedly select 3D orientation and cutaway views of the brain. A comprehensive description of the techniques and a discussion of the rationale behind them is presented. METHODS: Many methods which are used to study brain physiology generate visual data. These methods include, among others, various autoradiographic techniques, histological, immunohistochemical and receptor binding procedures. In most of these, one part of the procedure requires that the brain be serially sectioned to allow the tissue to expose or accept a stain. The resulting image data is examined and measured by quantitating discrete regions of the serial sections. Our approach is to combine a synthetically rendered surface and quantitative density data in the same model. First, we compute the surface of the brain based upon aligned contours. This surface provides the investigator with an appreciation of the orientation of the model as well as the visual cues for three dimensionality. Algorithms for hidden surface removal, surface shading and pseudo-coloring are all employed to enhance the realism of the display. Second, quantitative density data is introduced into this 3D model along a selected cutting plane. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: These experiments demonstrate a means by which serial autoradiograms can be used to reconstruct, in 3D, the whole brain. The resultant model provides the viewer with a perception of spatial relationships that are geometrically accurate. Although the surface model is a synthetic abstraction, quantitative physiologic data can be superimposed onto the model while still preserving the geometric accuracy. The combination of synthetic solid modeling and quantitative techniques provides the best of both methods. The surface model gives the viewer a realistic view of the whole brain in 3D space and the ability to recompute a new orientation with reasonable response time, and the physiologic data provides the user with quantitative analysis.
Source: Innovation et Technologie en Biologie et Medecine 1986;8(1):92-103.
Author: Toga AW, Arnicar-Sulze TL.
Abstract:
This paper describes a method for the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the whole brain. We have combined synthetic surface rendering techniques with quantitative methods used to study brain physiology. There are 3 features which make this approach attractive. 1) The final display includes a realistic 3D surface model which provides the viewer with an appreciation of shape, orientation and cortical landmarks. 2) Quantitative physiologic data on or deep to the cortical surface can be included in the display. 3) Interactive capabilities allow the investigator to repeatedly select 3D orientation and cutaway views of the brain. A comprehensive description of the techniques and a discussion of the rationale behind them is presented. METHODS: Many methods which are used to study brain physiology generate visual data. These methods include, among others, various autoradiographic techniques, histological, immunohistochemical and receptor binding procedures. In most of these, one part of the procedure requires that the brain be serially sectioned to allow the tissue to expose or accept a stain. The resulting image data is examined and measured by quantitating discrete regions of the serial sections. Our approach is to combine a synthetically rendered surface and quantitative density data in the same model. First, we compute the surface of the brain based upon aligned contours. This surface provides the investigator with an appreciation of the orientation of the model as well as the visual cues for three dimensionality. Algorithms for hidden surface removal, surface shading and pseudo-coloring are all employed to enhance the realism of the display. Second, quantitative density data is introduced into this 3D model along a selected cutting plane. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: These experiments demonstrate a means by which serial autoradiograms can be used to reconstruct, in 3D, the whole brain. The resultant model provides the viewer with a perception of spatial relationships that are geometrically accurate. Although the surface model is a synthetic abstraction, quantitative physiologic data can be superimposed onto the model while still preserving the geometric accuracy. The combination of synthetic solid modeling and quantitative techniques provides the best of both methods. The surface model gives the viewer a realistic view of the whole brain in 3D space and the ability to recompute a new orientation with reasonable response time, and the physiologic data provides the user with quantitative analysis.